[Reminiscences]Chapter 11  5. Choe Hyon, a Veteran General

5. Choe Hyon, a Veteran General 

We made a major stopover on our wayrom Nanhutou to Mt. Paektu at the rear base of the Independent 1st Division of the people’s revolutionary army, located in Mihunzhen on the Mudan Mountain Range along the border area of the Dunhua\and Antu Counties. At one of the large\and small secret camps sprawling in the vast forest, we planned to discuss measures to implement the policies adopted at the Nanhutou meeting with Wang De-tai, Wei Zheng-min\and other high-ranking commanders of the 2nd Corps.

Mihunzhen is situated in a mountain,\where even a man who has been there once\or twice can lose his way. The mountain peaks\and valleys are so similar, that strangers to the place used to find themselves in a maze there. I marvelled at the wit of the ancient folk, who had named this primeval forest Mihunzhen (maze—Tr.).

At first we were also at a loss on how to find the camps. Fortunately we came across the 1st Company of the 1st Regiment of the Independent 1st Division at Niuxindingzi which Pak Song Chol belonged to,\and asked them to show us the way to Mihunzhen. But they refused, saying that typhoid fever was rampant there. They explained that there were dozens of typhoid patients in that valley\and that it was dangerous for cadres to visit the place.

They added, “Many of them have already died. We cannot take you, General, to such a place. We cannot allow you to run such a risk.”

They flatly refused to show us the way. In those days epidemic diseases took a heavy toll of lives in the people’s revolutionary army. Eruptive typhus\and typhoid fever, which broke out in guerrilla zones, harassed us even after the evacuation of the guerrilla zones, mercilessly taking precious lives. These diseases seriously weakened the combat ability of the people’s revolutionary army.

“As typhoid is borne by man, it can also be controlled by man. Man can defeat epidemics. Epidemics cannot defeat man. So there’s no great need to be afraid of them. You’re making a mystery out of typhoid.”

I thus reproached them for their fear of epidemics. However, they continued stressing the typhoid danger\and insisted that I should not go there.

“What do you say, General? Can man defeat epidemics? No. These diseases don’t discriminate between the weak\and the strong. No man is immune to them, just as no mouse is saferom a cat. You know how strong company commander Choe Hyon is! But he’s been bedridden with typhoid for weeks now in Mihunzhen.”

“What? Has that steel-like soldier contracted the disease? If so, all the more reason for me to go\and see him. I’ve come as far as Niuxindingzi\and if I turn back here\and go to Mt. Paektu without visiting Mihunzhen owing to fear of the disease, then imagine how disappointed he’ll be, when he learns of it some day! You worry about my safety, but I’ve already sufferedrom epidemic fever in Wangqing. I’m immune, so don’t worry.”

Only then did the commanders of the 1st Company detach a platoon as our guide\and escort. They begged me not to enter the patients’ ward on any account even if I visited Mihunzhen.

To be frank, I was very disappointed to hear that Choe Hyon was ill. Although I said that a man could control typhoid fever, it was really a horrible disease. That cursed disease would even afflict a commander of the revolutionary army. It would naturally grow more rampant among such hot-tempered men as Choe Hyon. It would attack anyone, but used to play more havoc with hot-tempered\and impatient people. I had the premonition that the life of my precious comrade-in-arms was at stake.

“What’s happened to you, Commander Kim? Are you worrying about Comrade Choe Hyon?” asked Wang De-tai, as he saw me walking silently, in low spirits. Although a brusque, unsociable, taciturn military commander, Wang had an amazing ability to read people’s minds.

“Yes, but how’d you know?”

I was grateful to him for breaking my silence. A man keeping silence is liable to be haunted by all kinds of trivialities.

“Why shouldn’t I be able to guess? Your silence in the company of a friend like me indicates that you’re preoccupied with the fates of people.”

“You’re right. I’ve been thinking of Choe Hyon all the time. I hope he’ll be alright, but I feel very uneasy about him.”

“Please don’t worry. Choe Hyon will survive. He’s a man of strong will.”

“You think so? Then I’ll be very happy!”

“Well, Choe Hyon is a very happy man. How happy it must be for a man to appear in other people’s dreams, be remembered by them\and live in their concern!”

Wang’s simple\and yet profound reasoning moved me. I fully agreed with him.

“That’s very profound. But I’ve never thought about it.”

“Perhaps Choe Hyon is yearning to see you at this moment. He’s missed you so much in daily life that I was almost jealous of you. As far as I can remember, you’ve met one another only once, so how come you’re such devoted friends?”

“I can’t explain it myself. Two nights in his company was equal to about ten years of friendship. I was charmed by him at that time. I wonder if I’m carrying a torch for him.”

“Oh-ho, you don’t say! Since his experience at Macun he talks about you all the time.”

By Choe Hyon’s experience at Macun, Wang meant his visit to Macun in Xiaowangqing\and his interview with me. My first interview with him has already been mentioned in the Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerrillas\and briefly in Volume 3 of my own reminiscences.

It is generally known that the battle of the Dongning county town occasioned that meeting. Choe Hyon arrived late at Macun owing to the messenger’s carelessness\and belated delivery of my\orders for Choe Hyon to take part in the battle. He regretted it immensely on learning that the battle was over. He swore at the messenger furiously,\and then, recovering his composure, asked me, “As only the good-for-nothings in Yanji were dawdling away, not even approaching the gates of the county town, when the NSA boys as well as thoserom Wangqing\and Hunchun fought in the battle, how could I stop myselfrom giving vent to my anger? General, have you a plan to attack any other place, sir?”

“Please don’t say ‘sir’ to a young man. Please call me by my name, Kim Il Sung.”

My humble request frightened this tried veteran as much as if something serious had happened.

“What does a man’s age matter here? I’ve long since regarded you, Commander Kim, as the top man of the Korean army. So it’s natural that I address you respectfully.”

“If you extol young people in that way, they’ll soon become self-conceited\and giddy. If you keep on extolling me in that way, I’ll not keep company with you any longer.”

“For all my courage, you have the upper hand.rom now on I’ll not call you ‘sir’, just as you wish.”

He changed his way of addressing me. He was a typical soldier, who would do anything he said he would. It was only on official occasions that he addressed me politely. This freed our friendshiprom bothersome etiquette\and formalities; it stressed the truthfulness\and\originality of our friendship.

In the days, when each comrade we rallied through our “pearl-diving” efforts was treasured as a prime mover of our revolution, indispensable for its progress, it was evidently a noteworthy event\and good fortune in my life to have found such a stout companion as Choe Hyon.

My interview with him at Macun afforded me enormous satisfactionrom the very beginning.

My first impression of him was too strong to even express. Strangely enough, however, Choe Hyon, though a new acquaintance, seemed like an old friend. His voice, his features\and manners were familiar to me. I even felt that at some time in the past I had discussed the anti-Japanese, national salvation struggle with this sturdy man.

Choe Hyon gave me this impression, probably because he had all the characteristics of the typical soldier I had thought up\and perfected in my mind up to that time,\and also because I had heard a lot about him since I had come to Jiandao.

Choe Hyon was born in Jiandao, a foreign land, in 1907 when the national crisis was at its height. The year 1907 was a grievous year, which witnessed many tragic events in the history of our nation. That year Ri Jun committed suicide in The Hague by disemboweling himself, King Kojong was dethroned,\and the Korean army was dissolved. It was also the year, when the right of home administration passed into the hands of the Japanese imperialists, because of the “Jongmi Seven-Point Treaty”\and “government by under-secretaries”.

Choe Hyon’s parents, who had brought him into the world in a land, which was struck down by an economic crisis with an unprecedented destructive power, were anxious about his future. The “annexation of Korea by Japan”, the March First Popular Uprising\and the massive “punitive” atrocities in Jiandao in the year of Kyongsin (1920 —Tr.) were dramatic events which made young Choe Hyon’s blood boil.

The Independence Army, which was offering armed resistance in difficult conditions in a corner of Jiandao, gave him a ray of hope in those despairing, dark days. Hong Pom Do\and Im Pyong Guk were his seniors\and mentors. His childhood was linked inseparably with these brave, indefatigable veterans. He learned marksmanship\and horsemanshiprom them. When he was eleven years old, his father Choe Hwa Sim, who was an Independence Army soldier under the command of Hong Pom Do, began to assign him to deliver messages. That year his father presented him with a pistol.

The massacre of 1920 drowned all the Korean settlements in Jiandao in a bloodbath. Choe Hyon lost his mother in the massacre. He followed Im Pyong Guk to the Maritime Province of Russia with his father. Although a stranger to the place, the people\and their language, he resolved to fight the Japanese imperialists all his life. Commander Im Pyong Guk appointed him as his\orderly\and sent him to one of his detachments. An excellent horseman, Choe Hyon faithfully carried out his duty, riding between the detachment\and the headquarters on horseback. When the thirteen-year-old, small boy rode like an arrow on horseback through the plain, the Russian people admired\and envied him.

At one point he rushed to the front line on horseback amidst a tirade of bullets with his three colleagues. The three were killed\and he was wounded in the arm. But he rushed on boldly through the hail of bullets without caring for his wound,\and dutifully delivered the message to the command post. Applying a bandage to his arm, Im Pyong Guk praised him, saying that he would become a general of the Independence Army.

After the routing of the Independence Army unit, he returned to Jiandao\and joined the General Federation of Korean Youth in East Manchuria, thanks to the good offices of Yun Chang Bom, commander of the Independent Regiment in later days. His days in the GFKYEM can be described as the period, when he changedrom a nationalist to a communist. It was during his seven-year term in the Yanji prison that the process of his change was expedited. The reactionary Chinese warlord authorities arrested him abruptly in 1925\and sentenced him to a term of life imprisonment on a charge of raising funds.

After the waves of the May 30 Uprising\and the harvest\and spring struggles swept the land, the Yanji prison was overcrowded with pioneers of the revolution\and patriots in Jiandao who had led the masses in the forefront of the struggle. The small society of these vivacious optimists, who lived honourably, although their freedom was restricted, was a tempering school, which played a decisive role in his growth\and development. He joined the Anti-Imperialist\union\and the Red Guards, the secret\organizations inside the prison. His trials in prison finally transformed this former\orderly of the Independence Army into a fully-fledged communist.

Anecdotes about him\and the breathtaking risks he took in Yanji prison, referred to by the warlord authorities as Jilin Prison No. 4, were well known in all the guerrilla zones in east Manchuria.

His life in prison started with a showdown with Gangtour, the “Emperor” of the cell. The Gangtour in his cell was a criminal, guilty of murder\and robbery. He was taken to molesting the inmates. Each time a new prisoner was thrown into the cell, he robbed him of everything he had\and made them his own. He used to grab the food portions of other people to fill his own stomach.

Determined to teach him a lesson, Choe Hyon put a high-quality cigarette of the Kal brand between his lips\and purposely gave one to each inmate except the Gangtour. It was a wordless challenge aimed at provoking him.

Angered, the Gangtour\ordered him to give all his belongings to him. Instead of answering, Choe blew out a mouthful of smoke, thus enraging him. As the Gangtour threatened to beat him, Choe Hyon leapt over some of the inmates\and struck him in the face with his two handcuffed fists,\and roared, “You scum! Whom are you talking such nonsense to? You’ve committed murder outside\and you’re harassing your fellowmen even in prison. Can there be a man more cruel\and sinful than you? You’re the son of a commoner like us, aren’t you? I’ll be lenient\and forgive you this time, but behave yourselfrom now on. Get down,\and take your seat by the commode. This upper seat’s mine.”

Realizing that he was no match for Choe Hyon, the Gangtour sat beside the commode, as he had been told,\and crouched there cautiously. The inmates, freedrom the Gangtour’s oppression, followed Choe Hyon as their benefactorrom then on.

Not long after Choe Hyon’s life imprisonment the warlord authorities frequently sent student visitors to the prisonrom the Taesong, Tonghung, Yongsin\and Unjin Middle Schools, the Yongsin Girls’ School\and several other schools in Longjing. In this way the enemy planned to benumb revolutionary consciousness\and break the fighting spirit of the young\and students in this area,\where the ideological enlightenment\organizations\and anti-Japanese, anti-warlord\organizations were forming one after another\and carried on brisk work.

Choe Hyon contacted all the other cells\and told them to prepare water pistols. When the students looked around the prison they squirted stinking urine at the reactionary teachers\and prison warders who were guiding the students. He shouted at them, “You rascals! Why have you brought these students here?”

The reactionary teachers, taken by surprise, led the students away\and fledrom the prison.

The prison authorities tried hard to find the mastermind, but to no avail; every prisoner asserted that he was the prime instigator.

During his days in Yanji prison, he worked in a shoemaking factory as a shoemaker, in a print-shop as a compositor\and in a clothing factory as a tailor of high-quality suits. He also worked as a carpenter at a woodworking shop\and cut the hair of the warders, chief warder\and even the head of the prison, as well as that of the prisoners. In all actions, he never pardoned people who molested\and harassed him without reason, whoever they might be; he meted out severe punishment to them. One day he was caught by a superintendent of a workshop in the prison in the act of making chessmen with buckthorn to be used for the manufacture of desks\and chairs\and was beaten mercilessly. The superintendent thought it his daily job to beat the prisoners. Outraged, Choe Hyon struck him hard with the leg of the chair he was assembling. The prison authorities inflicted on him a week’s confinement as punishment. But after that incident, the superintendent did not commit outrages on the prisoners any more.

Prison escapes constituted his most outstanding achievements in his struggle in the prison. With Yun Chang Bom\and his other comrades, he succeeded in helping Im Pyong Guk, his former superior in the Independence Army,\and other revolutionaries to escape. A man of inborn audacity\and tough training in a wild world, Choe Hyon was ready to burn himself\and jump off a high cliff, for the sake of justice.

After his release, he joined the Red Guards in Taiyangmao\and, after arduous struggle, joined the Communist Party; he subsequently became a company political instructor of the Yanji guerrilla unit of the people’s revolutionary army.

This amounted to everything I had known about this courageous man by the time I met him in Macun.

After greeting each other at our first meeting, he said,

“As things have come to this, I’ll stay in Wangqing for about two days\and have a chat with you before going. Will I bother you?”

I agreed to talk with pleasure.

We talked all night unaware that day was breaking.

Next morning the sentry warned headquarters that the enemy was about to attack the guerrilla zone. I manned the unit on the heights\and, before climbing the mountain, said to Choe Hyon,

“Please wait in the barracks. I’ll be back after a bit of fighting.” He leapt up on hearing this.

“Am I to wait in the barracks when I finally have a chance to fight? Choe Hyon is not a man to stay behind, instead of following you, Commander Kim. Even Heaven seems to understand me today. I wanted to fight under your command at least once, so please take me with you to the heights.”

“If you’re so eager, then let’s fight together.”

He kept on smiling as followed me up to the heights.

The enemy did not attack the line\where the guerrillas were lying in ambush; they only fired some shotsrom a distance\and then began to set fire to the grain stacks, permeated with the sweat\and blood of the people in the guerrilla zone.

I\ordered the guerrillas to mercilessly mow down the enemy by long-range sharpshooting,\and said to Choe Hyon, “By the way, I’ve heard that you’re a crack shot. Will you show me your skill?”

With a rifle he hit an enemy soldier approaching a grain stack with a fire stick with a single shot. We were about 500 metres awayrom the enemy, but he killed each of the enemy with one bullet. His marksmanship was really admirable.

“Well, do you feel a bit better now after such regrets about missing the battle of the Dongning county town?” I asked when the enemy had been repelled.

He shook his head, licking his lips,\and said, “A little, but I’m still not satisfied.”

That night too, we talked until late mainly about the immediate tasks of the Korean revolution\and ways of carrying them out. The allied front with the Chinese anti-Japanese nationalist armed units, the anti-Japanese national united front, the founding of a new Party of a Juche type,\and some other important matters relating to the political line were topics of our practical talk.

Choe Hyon was very satisfied with the results of that conversation. “Now, my regrets at missing the battle of the Dongning county town have been eased more\or less by events in Macun.”

On seeing him off, I gave him four Dataigan (a large-calibre pistol—Tr.) captured at the battle of Dongning county town\and an amber cigarette-holder, as souvenirs of our first meeting. That cigarette-holder became his favourite one.

Whenever concentrating on decisive battles\and campaigns, his cigarette-holder would belch out thick smoke. There were many heavy smokers around Choe Hyon, who kept a covetous eye on it. They all tried to get it by various methods, rangingrom force, sweet words, barter to snatching it greedilyrom the owner’s pocket when he had a bit too much to drink. But they all failed.

In the days after liberation some habitual smokers among the high-ranking officials of the Party\and Government even tried to strike a bargain with him, saying, “Comrade Choe Hyon, they say your cigarette-holder sweetens cigarettes like honey. Won’t you let me have a try at it? I’ll pay liberal ‘rent’ for it.” Such a bargain did not work with the stubborn owner either. Only Kim Ik Son, who was his close roommate in a holiday home in Rajin, managed to borrow it for one day.

The cigarette-holder is now displayed in the Korean Revolution Museum. At first the museum’s officials thought that they could obtain it easilyrom him by a little persuasion. But that was a miscalculation. When he learned that they wanted the cigarette-holder, which he held dearer than jewellery\or gold for decades, Choe Hyon blazed with fury\and turned them away, saying, “You’re going to display this cigarette-holder in a museum, eh? It isn’t public property; it’s my private property. Our General gave it to me for my own use, not to make it common property for every one to see\and touch. If you ever want anythingrom me, pull off my moustache\and take that.”

The officials were dumbfounded, but they did not give up hope. They visited him persistently. They only managed to persuade the stubborn veteran on their fifth visit. The veteran, who had been roaring like a tiger just a few days before, was a changed man; he treated his guests with hospitality.

“From today on this cigarette-holder is not mine. It’s the property of the entire people. I’ll give it to you after smoking one last cigarette, so please wait.”

He stuck a cigarette into the holder, lit it\and drew in a mouthful of smoke, one after another with relish before exhaling. The veteran’s half-shut eyes were gazing blankly at a distant sky in the north. The sky covered Macun, the historical site of our first meeting,\and the theatre of war reeking with powder fumes he had trekked, with a Mauser at his side, until he had almost reached forty in the days of the guerrilla struggle.

Those memorable two nights\and three days, which linked him\and me\and made him my lifelong companion, had built up an impregnable iron fortress, which guarded our friendship.

I got the strongest impression at our first meeting that he was very straightforward\and frank. He spoke as he had seen things\and thought.

His ideas\and feelings were reflected on his face at different moments. Lies, tricks\and diplomatic dealings do not work with such a man. His childlike simple mind purified other people’s minds with magical power. Fascinated by that bewitching power, I opened my inmost thoughts to him.

As soon as I arrived at the secret camp in Mihunzhen, I immediately went to the dug-out which housed about 50 fever patients, including Choe Hyon, whom I was so eager to see.

When the supply officers, who had been guarding the camp, flung open the door to announce my arrival, he got uprom the bed with difficulty\and crawled to the door.

His face, reduced to skin\and bones, had become so haggard that at first glance I did not recognize his former expression which had been engraved in my memory in Macun.

“I say, Commander Kim. Don’t come in for mercy’s sake. You mustn’t!”

He looked at me with blazing eyes, waving his arms, so I hesitated for a moment at the door.

“Well, it seems the people here are rather inhospitable. I came here to see Choe Hyon,\and yet you’re turning me away at the door.\where are your manners?” I said jokingly.

However, he would not listen. “It can’t be helped, even though you say I’m inhospitable. Don’t you know that this is a gate to Hell?”

“Ha, ha! You said you’ve shot a hundred boxfuls of cartridges, but I didn’t know that you’re such a cry-baby.”

Realizing that his words had no effect, he swore at the supply officers who had brought me there.

“You fools, why did you bring Commander Kim here? Is this the way to attend to him?”

The supply officers standing by the door became frightened\and ran away. While he was reviling them, I strode to the middle of the room.

“You were as hard as a birch club, so why all this fuss about typhoid?”

As I took my seat beside him\and held out my hand to shake his, he hastily hid his hands under the blanket.

“My body is full of typhoid germs, Commander Kim. Please don’t touch me, for God’s sake. Why did you come to this storehouse of epidemic germs?”

“Why did I come here? To see you, Choe Hyon. It’s strange to see that you’ve contracted an infectious disease.”

I pushed my hand under the blanket\and took his hot hand\and held it for a long time. His eyes immediately filled with tears.

“Thank you, Commander Kim. I’m not worth... I thought I’d die without seeing you.”

Although he had previously begged me not to come near him, he now gripped my hand tightly\and would not let go. Choe Hyon was at that moment like a child.

He asked some questions about the second expedition to north

Manchuria\and explained for some time the damage typhoid had caused.

I changed the conversation to personal affairs, related to his fate.

“I’ve heard that you suffered severelyrom suspected involvement in the ‘Minsaengdan’. Is that true?”

“Yes, it’s true.”

He nodded his head sadly\and explained in haste how he had come to be suspected.

“In Macun you told me a lot about the united front. I believed it was the only correct line in the world. On my return to Yanji, I explained it to my comrades in the unit,\and even Wang De-tai, the corps commander, said that the united front was vital to us. But I was accused of being a ‘Minsaengdan’ member, while trying to realize the united front.”

After our leaving for the first expedition to north Manchuria, Choe Hyon, leading his company, had proceeded to the border area between Dunhua\and Huadian Counties\and carried on energetic political\and military work to expand the area of guerrilla activities. Expansion of the guerrilla zone in this area was dependent on good work with the Chinese nationalist anti-Japanese armed units encamped at the dead end of the Dahuanggou valley.

There were two mountain rebel units, each comprising 80\and 100 men, in the valley at the time. The unit with 80 rebels was well disposed towards us, for the operativesrom the guerrilla army had conducted a great deal of anti-Japanese propaganda. This unit maintained friendly relations with the neighbouring self-defence corps units. The self-defence corps units in the area had switchedrom pro-Japanese to anti-Japanese troops\and gave active assistance to the rebel unit in various forms\and ways.

But the other rebel unit was given to robbing the people of their property\and preparing to surrender collectively to the enemy, while maintaining secret contacts with them in Liushucun. Antagonism between the two rebel units, one aspiring to fight the Japanese\and the other ready to surrender, was precipitating a bloody armed clash. If the unit trying to surrender had been left to its own device, it would have been impossible to lead the other rebel unit on to an anti-Japanese road\or manage to effect the anti-Japanese allied front with it.

Choe Hyon gave a banquet, allegedly to help to reconcile them. The commanding officers of the unit, who wanted to surrender, were also invited to the banquet. When they arrived, Choe Hyon’s company disarmed them by surprise. But he did not touch the other unit\or attack the self-defence corps unit, which was on friendly terms with that unit.

The fact that Choe Hyon did not attack the self-defence corps unit was fair\and reasonable, as it conformed with the line of a united front. But the head of the political department of the corps headquarters\and other Leftist superiors incriminated Choe Hyon, publicly saying that as he had not attacked the enemy, he had actually surrendered to them. They dismissed himrom his post of company political instructor\and deprived him of his favourite Mauser. This measure was so unjust that even Wang De-tai protested, saying, “If Choe Hyon is a ‘Minsaengdan’ member, who is not a ‘Minsaengdan’ in our 2nd Corps?” Choe Hyon was demoted to private,\and subsequently worked as head of the supply department of Wang De-tai’s corps headquarters for a year. He only became company commander at the end of 1935.

“I was saved, thanks to your efforts, Commander Kim. If you had not spoken out in our defence at the Dahuangwai meeting, at the risk of your own life, I would have been forced to live like a mole as a ‘Minsaengdan’ suspect. Please tell me, Commander Kim, was it a surrender not to have attacked the self-defence corps?”

He sprang uprom his bed\and gazed straight into my eyes. His serious face flushed scarlet all of a sudden.

I held his two hands in mine with affection\and shook my head. “How could that be a surrender? It was a just\and good thing to do for the anti-Japanese front... Your demotion on a charge of involvement in the ‘Minsaengdan’ was preposterous.”

“That’s right. I’m the last man to be a member of the ‘Minsaengdan’. Damn those bastards! I can hardly repress my surging anger!”

“It’s shocking that thousands of people have been punished like you\or killed on a false charge of involvement in the ‘Minsaengdan’.”

“They talked nonsense. How can such revolutionaries as Yun Chang Bom\and Pak Tong Gun be ‘Minsaengdan’ members? They chose\and executed only the hard workers\and good fighters,\and swaggered about, putting on airs, as if they’d performed some great exploit. If that had represented the communism that we’re after, I wouldn’t have come to Jiandaorom Maritime Province.”

“The anti-‘Minsaengdan’ struggle was a tragic event, which should never be repeated in the history of our anti-Japanese struggle. How many Korean communists were murdered! Fortunately, the Comintern officially pointed out the correctness of our opinions, expressed at the Dahuangwai meeting\and the ultra-Leftist error committed in the anti-‘Minsaengdan’ struggle by the east Manchuria Party committee,\and assigned us the task of taking measures to correct the situation as quickly as possible”.

He shed tears while listening to me.

“If that’s true, I want to give three cheers. Thank you, Commander Kim.”

“What’s important is how to